As-Suwayda

As-Suwayda, also spelled Sweida or Swaida, is a city and governorate in southern Syria, nestled in the volcanic Jabal al-Arab (Mountain of the Arabs). Known for its cool climate, fertile highlands, and strong Druze cultural identity, Suwayda is often called the ‘Little Syria’ for its diversity of landscapes and traditions.

Historical and Cultural Background

The area around Suwayda has been inhabited since ancient times. Originally a Nabataean settlement, it flourished during Roman and Byzantine rule as Dionysias, famed for its wine and agriculture. Remnants of Roman roads, temples, and mosaics are scattered across the region, testifying to its rich history. The city became a center of Druze life in the 18th and 19th centuries, as Druze migrants from Mount Lebanon settled here and cultivated the land.

Suwayda is synonymous with Druze traditions, respect for elders, and a culture of hospitality. Festivals celebrating harvests, particularly grapes and apples, punctuate the calendar, reflecting the deep connection between the people and their land.

The War and Its Aftermath

During the Syrian Civil War, Suwayda remained relatively stable compared to other regions, though it experienced isolated clashes and terrorist attacks, particularly in rural areas. The city itself became a haven for internally displaced families, placing pressure on local infrastructure and resources. The local Druze community largely sought neutrality in the conflict, focusing on defending their own areas.

Current Situation (July 2025)

As of July 2025, Suwayda enjoys relative calm. Reconstruction projects are ongoing, and life in the city and surrounding villages is returning to normal. Local councils and community leaders have prioritized preserving cultural traditions and reviving agriculture, especially the wine industry, which remains one of Suwayda’s hallmarks.

Economy and Society

Suwayda’s economy is driven by agriculture, particularly vineyards, orchards, and dairy. Its famous grapes are used to produce wine and arak (anise-flavored spirit). Sheep herding, handicrafts, and small-scale trade also contribute to the economy. The city is known for its high literacy rates and a strong sense of community, with many Druze families maintaining deep ties to their ancestral land.

Key Landmarks and Attractions

• Roman Ruins: The remains of ancient Dionysias, including temples, columns, and inscriptions.
• Jabal al-Arab: The volcanic mountain range offering hiking, breathtaking views, and picturesque Druze villages.
• Suwayda Museum: Showcasing mosaics, statues, and artifacts from the region’s Roman and Byzantine past.
• Traditional Markets: Souks filled with local produce, handmade textiles, and traditional foods.
• Harvest Festivals: Annual grape harvest celebrations featuring music, dancing, and community feasts.

As-Suwayda stands as a serene and proud guardian of Syria’s mountainous south, preserving its unique identity and traditions while looking toward a more hopeful future. Its people, landscapes, and heritage continue to inspire resilience and unity.