Aleppo

Aleppo, in northwestern Syria, is among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world — with over 5,000 years of recorded history. Its strategic position at the crossroads of the Silk Road and other trade routes made it a thriving commercial and cultural capital for centuries. Today, Aleppo stands as a powerful symbol of resilience, rising from the devastation of recent conflicts.

Historical Legacy

From the Amorites and Hittites in the second millennium BCE to the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and various Islamic dynasties, Aleppo has seen countless civilizations shape its identity. It flourished particularly during the medieval Islamic period as a key stop on the Silk Road, known for its merchants, crafts, and cosmopolitan character. The Citadel of Aleppo — one of the oldest and largest castles in the world — has defended the city for over a millennium, standing as an indomitable symbol of Aleppo's history.

The Old City of Aleppo, with its labyrinth of narrow streets, traditional souks, khans (caravanserais), hammams, mosques, and churches, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. Its architectural diversity reflects Aleppo’s long-standing religious and cultural pluralism, home to Muslims, Christians, Armenians, and Jews living side by side for centuries.

The Conflict and its Aftermath

The Syrian conflict brought catastrophic destruction to Aleppo, particularly between 2012 and 2016 when it became the scene of one of the war’s fiercest battles. Much of the historic Old City was reduced to rubble, and thousands of lives were lost or uprooted. The trauma of war left indelible scars on Aleppo’s people and heritage.

Yet, amid the ruins, Aleppo’s resilient population has begun rebuilding their lives and city. Residents, artisans, and volunteers have started restoring historic buildings and reopening shops and markets. The Citadel itself, though damaged, remains open to visitors, a beacon of hope and perseverance.

Current Situation (July 2025)

As of July 2025, reconstruction is ongoing, albeit slowly, hindered by economic hardships and infrastructural challenges. International agencies, UNESCO missions, and local initiatives are working hand-in-hand to preserve what remains and rebuild what was lost. Many families who fled have returned, restoring vibrancy to neighborhoods like al-Jdaydeh and al-Azizieh. Electricity and water supply remain unreliable, but schools and clinics have reopened in many districts, signaling a cautious return to normalcy.

Cultural Resilience

Aleppo’s cultural identity remains remarkably intact despite adversity. The city’s famous music tradition, with its Qudud Halabiya (classical Aleppine songs), has seen a revival, with concerts and festivals taking place in newly restored venues. Aleppo’s cuisine — renowned for its kebabs, kibbeh varieties, and exquisite sweets — continues to draw culinary enthusiasts and sustain its reputation as the gastronomic heart of Syria.

Economic Prospects

Before the war, Aleppo was Syria’s economic engine, with industries ranging from textiles, soap, and pharmaceuticals to handicrafts and trade. The conflict decimated much of its industrial base, but small-scale production has resumed in sectors such as textiles, olive oil, and artisan crafts. Reviving trade ties with neighboring Turkey and other regions remains a priority as Aleppo seeks to reclaim its place as a commercial hub.

Key Landmarks and Attractions

• Citadel of Aleppo: The iconic fortress and centerpiece of Aleppo's skyline, partially restored and open to visitors.
• Ancient Souks: Once the beating heart of Aleppo’s economy, now gradually reopening with a mix of old charm and ongoing restoration.
• Great Mosque of Aleppo: A revered site of worship and architectural beauty, undergoing painstaking reconstruction.
• Khan al-Wazir and Khan al-Shouna: Historic inns and trading posts reflecting Aleppo’s role as a Silk Road crossroads.
• Baron Hotel: A legendary hotel steeped in history, having hosted figures like Agatha Christie and T.E. Lawrence.
• Jdeideh Quarter: A charming, partially restored district known for its churches, narrow alleys, and vibrant cafés.

Looking Forward

The road ahead for Aleppo remains long and challenging, but the determination of its people fuels a quiet optimism. New generations are learning the crafts of their forefathers, restoring their homes, and rebuilding their lives. Visitors are beginning to trickle back, bearing witness to Aleppo’s unbreakable spirit. In the words of an Aleppine saying: “He who drinks from Aleppo’s spring will always return.”

Aleppo continues to stand as a testament to human resilience — a city that refuses to be forgotten, with a future as rich and vibrant as its storied past.